Final Customer Purchasing from the Product Producer

Use Steps: Use steps include all the customer's value added activities or the consumption of the product itself. These steps include all the costs the customer incurs in employing the product in its intended use.

B.
Resources: Reduce resources required for the use of the product

3.
Energy: Reduce the energy the customer uses with the product

A. Effort – Reduce the physical constraints on the customer

Overcome physical limitations of the user
Alter dimensions

Customize the product for the individual customer's physical needs

No.	SIC	Year	Note
1	2300	1985	At first, only one style of Birkenstocks available. Now more than 125 varieties. .
2	2300	1997	Levi's executives are contemplating how to expand the 2 year-old personal pair service into every major US market. Customers' measurements are taken by staffers in Levi's stores and jeans are custom-made for them at a domestic factory.
3	2711	2004	In order to combat steep circulation declines, Europe's broadsheet newspapers have tried different tactics. The latest solution is introducing smaller tabloid formats. When the Times of London did this, the circulation increased nearly 10% from the previous year. 40% of these readers are in the 25-45 year-old demographic, compared with 34% of the traditional broadsheet. Consumers prefer the handier format for commuting. In Germany, publishers have tested tabloid versions that differ from their flagship, with shortened articles and features on entertainment and gadgets to attract younger readers. The Times has rearranged its front page to feature only one big story and fewer headlines.
4	3546	1989	Black & Decker began shipping nine different power tools to Japan this summer. The tools are sold through Shi-Daiwa Kogyo. Each of tools adapted to local Japanese tastes.
5	3571	1987	Herzog has designed a new keyboard that shifts the lower left keys much further to the left. That allows the left hand to glide toward the center of the keyboard instead of stretching outward, a harmful motion that may cause carpal tunnel syndrome.
6	3670	1995	Today, PixTech is producing six-inch-diagonal prototype screens that require less power than LCDs, look sharp from any angle, and are just one-tenth of an inch thick – two-tenths, including the electronics, about 1/2 an LCD's thickness.
7	3711	2004	In Detroit, U.S. car makers tend to focus on adding features that appeal to younger buyers, hewing to an old maxim that it's better to try to sell an old man a young man's car than the other way around. Ford Motor Co. has developed a "third age" full-body jumpsuit that designers wear to better understand the physical limitations of old age. The result of testing with the suit is a product like the Ford Five Hundred sedan.
8	3713	2003	Truck-maker Paccar has built a reputation for being ahead of the curve when it comes to new technology. It was one of the first companies in the industry to build trucks with ergonomically correct cabs.
9	3845	1991	Tumble Forms' rehab equipment fits into a single bag that can be transported from home to home by visiting physical and occupational therapists.
10	3949	1992	New Puma shoes have a disk with nylon line instead of traditional laces. The frictionless system provides a custom fit from the heel to the instep.
11	7999	2003	Technological innovations in skiing, such as wider and shorter skis, have made skiing easier and kept Boomers on the mountain far longer than the previous generation.

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